To be an effective leader, you must possess a management approach that aligns with
your own personality, your team, and your organizational objectives. Whether you鈥檙e
hiring for a top position or gunning for one yourself, it鈥檚 important to understand
common leadership styles, how they affect day-to-day management of your organization,
and what you can do to make the most of your attributes today to develop into a stronger
leader tomorrow. Follow this article to learn more about choosing the right leadership styles in management.
Identify 3 Different Leadership Styles
In the 1930s, researchers pinpointed authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. Each has its benefits and detractions. Here are the basics of the archetypes:
- Authoritarian: Command-and-control approach means the leader makes decisions with little input from those being managed; this style can lead to domineering, controlling leadership, but also can lead to swift decisions when time is of the essence.
- Democratic: Participatory approach means the leader invites input from other members, but holds ultimate responsibility for decisions; this style can lead to higher engagement and group satisfaction, but also can lead to lower productivity.
- Laissez-faire: Delegatory approach means the leader offers little guidance, leaving decisions to the group; this style can lead to high productivity when the team is comprised of self-motivated experts, but also can lead to blame, lack of progress, and poorly defined roles.
Consider these three the genotypes of leadership from which a range of interesting
phenotypes have surfaced over the decades. As we explore different characteristics
of leadership styles, the goal is not to establish perfect conformity to a single
type or to mimic the style you think is most effective, but to to balance your dominant style with your 鈥渞ecessive鈥� management skills. Most of us
would benefit from triggering some changes to become better leaders. No matter your
primary leadership style, attributes of others can be borrowed or burnished to suit
your needs.
Modernize Your Leadership Identity with 5 More Styles
Studying leadership is fascinating and provides a framework for training future leaders,
but it is likely you don鈥檛 see yourself (or your ideal job candidate) in the three
basic genotypes above. So, let鈥檚 expand our view with based on what Harvard Business Review and psychologist Susanne Cook-Greuter call
鈥渁ction logic,鈥� how leaders react when (and this is key) their power or safety is
challenged.
Diplomat
Your leadership expression might be the diplomat if you are loyal to your team, eager to please your bosses, and extremely avoidant of conflict. You are focused on controlling your own behavior rather than your team鈥檚 and prefer zero friction as you interact. According to research, diplomats are a fantastic match for junior management positions because they鈥檙e steady, don鈥檛 rock the boat, and find it difficult to give negative feedback, making them friendly, polite, and well-suited to a support role rather than crisis-managing or inspirational leadership role. Sociability and diplomacy are great qualities, but they only get you so far as a leader.
- Action plan: If you鈥檙e a diplomat, develop greater comfort with conflict, build resilience, and
learn to deliver (and receive) negative feedback as constructive rather than destructive.
Doing so can transform your natural ability to get along well with others to help
you rise above middle manager for a spot in the C suite.
Expert
Your leadership expression might be the expert if you work hard to perfect your knowledge and expertise rather than controlling behaviors or external factors. You strive to be the pro in your field, with high expectations of yourself and others. To gain buy-in for your ideas, you focus on metrics and logic rather than charisma or command. According to research, experts are the largest category of leader, but not the most effective. They make great accountants, analysts, engineers, and researchers, but they are not comfortable collaborating, and they drag their feet about making decisions until they are certain they have dissected every fact.
- Action plan: If you鈥檙e an expert, nurture your emotional intelligence skills and practice greater
flexibility to mold your high-level thinking into a more effective, decisive leadership
style.
Individualist
Your leadership expression might be the individualist if you tend to ignore rules that you believe are false constructs or inapplicable to the situation or you simply prefer your own good judgment. You are self-aware, creative, motivated by personal goals, dramatic, unorthodox, and authentic above all else. If anyone has referred to you as a maverick or a wild card, it could be a compliment of your unconventional style or it could be a suggestion that ignoring processes and principles makes you an unlikely candidate for promotion. Most CEOs are not too enthused to promote uncoachable . However, in the right creative environment, the individualist can lead with a flourish and inspire colleagues and clients.
- Action plan: If you鈥檙e an individualist who bristles against constraints, nurture your skills
as a team player by asking for creative, collaborative assignments and by learning
to be more open to early and frequent feedback that could prevent you from taking
a project too far from its objective or its guidelines. A stable, mature mentor also
can provide excellent guidance when your honesty gets the better of you in a meeting.
Opportunist
Your leadership expression might be the opportunist if you are more interested in personal success than collective wins. Opportunists tend to be mistrusting and manipulative, but they also are competitive, risk-taking, and driven, so a results-focused startup with a cutthroat culture can be the right environment for an opportunist. Researchers found only 5 percent of leaders fall into this category because they tend to be bullies rather than leaders and tend to be young executives whose mindset derails promotion. The other possibility is an opportunist who evolves into a more mature leadership style to attain an executive role.
- Action plan: Opportunists who truly want to transform must seek personal skills that make them
more empathic, disciplined, and service-minded. Practice humility by volunteering
for teams that value collaboration and consideration; seek a mentor with the qualities
you know you need, such as patience and temperance.
Strategist
Your leadership expression might be the strategist if you鈥檙e clear-eyed about expectations and the environment around you, but also adept at creating transformations of those expectations and environment. You know what makes your operation tick. You鈥檙e self-aware and other-aware, competent at handling your team鈥檚 resistance to change, and skilled at critically evaluating what could be improved. You are ethical, principled, and interested in both personal success and organizational success. Researchers found strategists account for just 4 percent of leaders, but they are effective agents of change and tend to transform their organization鈥檚 key metrics, such as profitability, market share, or reputation.
- Action plan: Strategists are generally not working to hone their interpersonal skills or their
effectiveness as leaders, because they鈥檙e already on that path. To , however, you can explore building alliances and practicing continual inquiry into
processes and the guiding principles at your organization, while peer mentoring to
build a stronger and more sustainable community of leaders who challenge practices
and assumptions.
Develop Your Leadership Style
An effective leader does not approach management with a prescription, applying a healthy dose of a predetermined response to a set of circumstances. Leadership is as dynamic as the environment in which it grows. It can be learned, supported, improved, and transformed. USF鈥檚 Office of Corporate Training and Professional Education is here to help you and your teammates do just that with expert instruction in corporate leadership, project management, process improvement, hospitality leadership, and human resources.
Find out how to discover your personality traits that influence your leadership style with the Birkman Method of self-assessment: